Wayne State University

Chemical Hygiene Plan
Reference Guide

Revised October, 1995

IN ACCORDANCE WITH 29 CFR 1910.1450 AND R325.70106

Table of Contents

A. General Principles for Work with Laboratory Chemicals

In addition to the more detailed recommendations in the manual, Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories, general principles for safe laboratory work include the following:

1. Minimize all chemical exposures. Because few laboratory chemicals are without hazards, general precautions for handling all laboratory chemicals should be adopted, rather than specific guidelines for particular chemicals. Skin contact with chemicals should be avoided as a cardinal rule.

2. Avoid underestimation of risk. Even for substances of no known significant hazard, exposure should be minimized. For work with substances which present special hazards, precautions should be taken. One should assume that any mixture can be more toxic than its most toxic component, and that all substances of unknown toxicity are toxic.

3. Provide adequate ventilation. The best way to prevent exposure to airborne substances is to prevent their escape into the working atmosphere by the use of hoods and other ventilation devices.

4. Institute a chemical hygiene program. A mandatory chemical hygiene program designed to minimize exposures is needed and should be a regular, continuing effort, not merely a standby or short-term activity. Its recommendations should be followed by all laboratory workers.

5. Observe the Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) and the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs). PELs, set by OSHA, or TLVs, set by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) should not be exceeded.

6. Develop written standard operating procedures (SOPs). For work involving highly toxic chemicals, SOPs should be developed which include general safety procedures, housekeeping practices, personal protective equipment, waste disposal and emergency response procedures, etc.

B. Chemical Hygiene Responsibilities

Responsibility for chemical hygiene rests at all of the following levels:

The Director of the Office of Environmental Health and Safety (OEH&S) has the ultimate responsibility for chemical hygiene within the University, and, along with the OEH&S staff and Principal Investigators, must provide continuing support for chemical hygiene.

The Chemical Hygiene Planning Committee is responsible for assuring that the Principal Investigators are meeting the requirements of the OSHA Laboratory Standard.

The Hazard Communication Program Coordinator is responsible for training laboratory employees in general lab safety and the OSHA Laboratory Standard.

The Employee Health Service in the University Health Center serves as the primary contact for medical treatment and medical surveillance.

1. Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEH&S) Staff Responsibilities

The OEH&S staff members are the Chemical Hygiene Officers. They will be responsible for the following:

1. Assisting each Principal Investigator in the development and implementation

   of appropriate chemical hygiene policies and practices.

2. Monitoring procurement, use and disposal of chemicals used in the lab.

3. Ensuring that appropriate inspections are conducted and maintained.

4. Assisting Principal Investigators in the development of safety precautions in new and existing laboratory processes.

5. Determining if medical surveillance is necessary.

6. Closing labs that pose a serious threat to the health of the workers.

2. Principal Investigator Responsibilities

The Principal Investigator is expected to do the following:

1. Develop written standard operating procedures (SOPs) for employees to follow when working with highly hazardous chemicals.

2. Ensure that all laboratory employees and students receive training in the laboratory SOPs.

3. Ensure that all facilities and training are adequate for the use of all materials handled and ordered by the lab.

4. Determine and provide the appropriate personal protective equipment.

5. Provide regular, formal chemical hygiene and housekeeping inspections of emergency and personal protective equipment.

6. Ensure that all laboratory employees know and follow the chemical hygiene rules.

7. Ensure that appropriate personal protective equipment is:
• available to all employees working in the lab
• utilized by all employees when they are in the lab
• in good condition

8. Provide appropriate training to employees on the proper selection, use and limitations of personal protective equipment.

Each laboratory researcher, technician and student assistant is responsible for planning and conducting each operation in accordance with the University's Chemical Hygiene Plan and the lab's standard operating procedures. Each individual is responsible for developing safe personal laboratory habits.

C. The Laboratory Facilities

1. Design

The laboratory facility should have:

1. An appropriate general ventilation system with air intakes and exhausts located so as to avoid intake of contaminated air;

2. Adequate, well-ventilated stockrooms/storerooms;

3. Laboratory hoods and sinks;

4. Other safety equipment, including eyewash fountains and drench showers, that meet the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) requirements.

2. Maintenance

Mechanical laboratory equipment (i.e. vacuum pumps, grinders etc.), should be inspected regularly and repaired or replaced as needed. Exposed belts or moving parts should be guarded.

3. Usage

The type of work conducted and the work load must be appropriate for the physical facilities available and the quality of ventilation in the lab.

4. Ventilation

1. General laboratory ventilation

The ventilation system should provide a source of air for breathing and for input to local ventilation devices. It should not be relied upon solely for protection from toxic substances released into the laboratory. Laboratory air should be continually replaced, preventing an increase of air concentrations of toxic substances during the working day. Air flow should be directed into the laboratory from non-lab areas and out to the exterior of the building.

2. Chemical Fume Hoods

A chemical fume hood should be provided for any employee who spends a significant amount of his/her time working with chemicals. A hood should be used when working with toxic materials and when transferring chemicals or mixing solutions into new containers. Each hood should have a continuous monitoring device to allow convenient confirmation of adequate hood performance before use, and a 20 cm line drawn from the edge, designating the safe work zone. If it is not possible to meet these recommendations, work with substances of unknown toxicity should be avoided, or other types of local ventilation devices should be utilized.

3. Biological Safety Cabinets

Biological safety cabinets shall be evaluated annually in accordance with the National Safety Foundation (NSF) Standard 49. If your biosafety cabinet hasn't been certified within the past year, contact OEH&S at 577-1200.

4. Other local ventilation devices

Ventilated storage cabinets, canopy hoods, etc. should be provided as needed and should have separate exhaust ducts. Flammable storage cabinets need not have separate exhaust ducts.

5. Special ventilation areas

Exhaust air from extremely toxic sources should pass through scrubbers or other treatments before release, if it has been determined that public health is at risk.

6. Modifications

Any alteration in the ventilation system should be made only after testing indicates that worker protection from airborne toxic substances will continue to be adequate.

7. Quality and performance

General airflow should not be turbulent and should be relatively uniform throughout the laboratory, with no high velocity or static areas. Airflow into and within the hood should not be excessively turbulent (little eddy motions), and hood face velocity should measure between 60 and 100 lfm. A ventilation rate of 4-12 room air changes per hour is normally adequate.

8. Evaluation

Ventilation systems should be evaluated upon installation, regularly monitored and reevaluated whenever changes in local ventilation devices are made.

D. Components of the Chemical Hygiene Plan

1. Basic Rules and Procedures

1. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

Develop written procedures relevant to safety and health considerations to be followed when laboratory work involves the use of highly hazardous chemicals such as carcinogens, teratogens or mutagens. SOPs and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) should be available to all laboratory workers for these substances. See the Appendices for a complete list of highly hazardous chemicals. The Principal Investigator shall review and update SOPs annually. Employees should read and sign SOPs when beginning work and whenever the SOPs are updated or modified.

2. Exposures, injuries and illnesses

Report to the Employee Health Service, located on the fourth floor of the University Health Center (745-4774) for treatment of a non-emergency type injury/illness between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday. An appointment is not necessary.

If immediate treatment is necessary or the Employee Health Service is closed, report to Detroit Receiving or the nearest hospital emergency room.

If transportation is needed for an emergency situation, contact the Department of Public Safety (577-2222).

Eye contact: Promptly flush eyes with copious amounts of water for a prolonged period (at least 15 minutes) and seek medical attention.

Ingestion: Consult physician immediately and seek medical attention. See first aid section of chemical's Material Safety Data Sheet.

Skin contact: Promptly flush the affected area with water and remove any contaminated clothing. If symptoms persist after washing, or if damage to the skin has occurred, seek medical attention.

Inhalation: Get to a source of fresh air. Seek medical attention.

Complete a Report of Injury form for any injury/illness within 24 hours of the incident. Forms are available from Risk Management, 577-3110.

3. Avoidance of "routine" exposure

Develop and encourage safe habits. Avoid unnecessary exposure to chemicals by any route. Never smell or taste chemicals.

Vent apparatus which may discharge toxic chemicals (vacuum pumps, distillation columns, etc.) into local exhaust devices. Do not release toxic substances into the laboratory. Inspect glove boxes before each use.

Inspect gloves, lab coat, eye protection and all personal protective equipment before each use.

4. Choice of chemicals

Use only those chemicals for which the quality of the available ventilation system is appropriate. Be familiar with the hazards and the precautions to take before beginning work with any chemicals.

5. Eating, drinking, smoking, etc.

Avoid eating, drinking, smoking, gum chewing, or application of cosmetics in areas where laboratory chemicals are present. Wash hands before leaving the lab and conducting these activities.

Never store food or beverages in refrigerators used for chemicals. Have an appropriately labeled refrigerator and storage area for food, away from chemicals.

6. Equipment and glassware

Handle and store laboratory glassware with care to avoid damage, and do not use damaged glassware.Use metal or cardboard containers for the disposal of glassware. Use equipment only for its designed purpose.

7. Exiting

Remove all protective equipment and clothing before leaving the lab. Wash hands and areas of exposed skin.

8. Horseplay

Avoid practical jokes or other behavior which might confuse, startle or distract another worker.

9. Mouth pipetting

Do not use mouth suction to pipet chemicals or to start a siphon. A pipette bulb or an aspirator should be used to provide vacuum.

10. Personal apparel

Confine long hair and loose clothing. Wear shoes at all times in the laboratory. Do not wear sandals, perforated shoes, sneakers, or shorts.

11. Housekeeping

Keep the work area clean, organized, and uncluttered. Clean up the work area on completion of an operation and at the end of the day.

12. Personal protective equipment

Assure that appropriate eye protection is worn by all persons, including visitors, where chemicals are stored or handled. Do not wear contact lenses in the lab unless eye protection is being worn at all times.

Wear appropriate gloves when there is a potential for skin contact with chemicals. Inspect gloves before each use, and never wash or reuse disposable gloves. Wash rubber and utility gloves before removal, and replace them whenever there are cracks or tears in the material. See Appendix VIII for glove selection guidelines.

Use appropriate respiratory protection when air contaminant concentrations are not sufficiently restricted by engineering controls. Always inspect the respirator before using. In order to wear a respirator, you must receive a physical examination and fit test through the University Health Center, and training through OEH&S. Contact OEH&S at 577-1200 for assistance.

Use any other personal protective equipment appropriate for lab tasks.

Remove lab coat, gloves and other personal protective equipment whenever they become contaminated and before leaving the lab.

13. Planning

Seek information and advice about hazards, plan appropriate protection procedures, and plan positioning of equipment before beginning any new operation. Contact OEH&S for assistance in this area.

14. Unattended operations

If possible, please avoid procedures which cannot be attended at all times. If it is necessary to leave an operation unattended, leave lights on, place an appropriate sign on the door, and provide for containment of toxic substances in the event of failure of a utility service (such as cooling water).

Never leave open flame burners, heating elements, etc. unattended.

15. Use of fume hood

Use the hood for operations which may result in the release of toxic chemical vapors, dusts, mists or aerosols.

Use the hood or other local ventilation devices when working with any appreciably volatile substance with a TLV or PEL of less than 50 ppm.

Confirm adequate hood performance before use.Keep the sash closed except when work or adjustments are being done within the hood. Do not use the hood to store chemicals or other materials. Only perform work in the hood when the sash is set at the proper level for the correct face velocity. Face velocity should measure between 60 - 100 fpm (linear feet per minute).

16. Vigilance

Be alert to unsafe conditions and see that they are reported to the appropriate department and corrected when detected.

17. Waste disposal

Chemical waste disposal is carried out by OEH&S. The plan for each laboratory operation should include planning and training on waste disposal procedures. See page 15 for more information on chemical waste disposal, or call OEH&S at 577-1200.

18. Working alone

Avoid working alone in a building, and never work alone in a laboratory if the procedures being conducted are hazardous.

2. Chemical Procurement, Distribution, and Storage

1. Procurement

When a substance is received, information on proper handling, storage, and disposal should be made known to those who will be working with the chemical. If chemicals are shipped with material safety data sheets (MSDSs), they must be kept on file in the lab.

2. Distribution

When transporting chemicals, use a secondary container, such as, a cart with sides, a bucket, or a bottle carrier. Gas cylinders should be capped during transport and when not in use. Cylinders should always be transported individually using a secure gas cylinder dolly.

3. Laboratory storage

All laboratory chemicals should be stored in approved labeled storage cabinets/containers by compatibility and not alphabetically. Do not store any chemicals on the floor, in the aisles, or on top of cabinets. Do not store more chemicals in the lab than necessary. Store only those amounts that will be used in a reasonable amount of time.

Flammable liquids shall be stored in flammable cabinets or safety cans. Large volumes of solvents shall be stored in separate chemical storage areas outside of the laboratory. Chemicals requiring refrigeration must be stored in a labeled explosion proof refrigerator.

Highly toxic materials shall be stored in a separate labeled area. For detailed information on proper chemical storage, contact OEH&S.

4. Gas cylinder storage

All gas cylinders must be secured to a rigid surface. Oxidizers must be stored at least 20 feet away from flammable gas cylinders, or separated by a barrier.

3. Environmental Monitoring

The Manager of Environmental Health and Safety is responsible for monitoring airborne concentrations of chemicals and determining whether conditions are hazardous to the health of laboratory workers.

4. Housekeeping, Maintenance, and Inspections

1. Cleaning

Floors, bench tops andwork areas should be cleaned daily.

2. Inspections

Formal housekeeping and chemical hygiene inspections should be performed regularly by the Principal Investigator and the research staff.

3. Equipment maintenance

Flush eyewash fountains weekly. Safety showers should be tested every six months by FP&M. Inspect respirators and other personal protective equipment before and after each use. All emergency equipment, including eyewashes, safety showers and fire extinguishers must be visible, unobstructed and readily accessible. Before performing any maintenance work on electrical lab equipment, unplug the equipment and follow proper lockout procedures. Call 577-1200 or 961-5605 for more information.

4. Passageways

Stairways and hallways should not be used for storage. Never block exits, emergency equipment, or utility controls. All aisles in the lab should be at least three feet wide.

5. Medical Program

1. Routine surveillance

Routine medical surveillance should be established if required by any regulations, (e.g. respiratory protection program, lead standard, or any other substance specific OSHA standard). The University Health Center (UHC) and OEH&S will determine the need for and the frequency of medical surveillance for specifically regulated materials.

2. Bloodborne Pathogen Program

If laboratory work involves the use of human blood, body fluids or tissue, the Hepatitis B vaccination must be made available to all employees at risk of exposure at the beginning of their employment. Vaccinations must be paid for by the employer and are available through the Employee Health Service, 4K University Health Center. For more information on the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard and the WSU Exposure Control Plan, contact OEH&S.

3. Injury reports

A Report of Injury form must be completed for any laboratory accident that results in an injury, illness and/or exposure.Report of Injury forms are available from the Office of Risk Management, 217 ASB II, 577-3110.

6. Records

1. Report of Injury forms should be prepared by the injured employee whenever possible, and signed by the employee's supervisor. The completed form should be forwarded to Risk Management within 24 hrs.

2. Chemical Hygiene Plan records should document that laboratory facilities and procedures are compatible with current knowledge and regulations.

3. Inventory and usage records for highly toxic substances should be kept by the lab manager.

4. Written SOPs should be read and signed by all lab personnel.

7. Signs and Labels

1. Emergency signs

Emergency notification stickers (available through OEH&S) should be placed on the lab door and should list the following names and phone numbers:

• principal investigator
• laboratory supervisor
• Department of Public Safety (577-2222)

2. Hazard signs

Post the type(s) of hazard(s) (biohazard, cancer hazard, radioactive hazard, UV radiation, etc.) on the laboratory door, in areas where work is performed using those chemicals (e.g. fume hood), and in storage areas.

3. Chemical labeling

All chemical and waste containers must be correctly labeled. Chemicals from a manufacturer must have the following information included on the label:

• name of chemical
• signal word (Danger, Warning, Caution)
• type of hazard (poison, irritant, inhalant, carcinogen, etc.)
• precautions (i.e., avoid skin contact, use only in well ventilated area, etc.)
• instructions in case of emergency.
• storage requirements and expiration date if applicable.

4. Chemicals removed from the original container and poured into a secondary container, or solutions mixed in the lab, must be labeled with regard to the name of the chemical and the principle hazard, and expiration date if applicable (e.g. ether and other peroxidizable chemicals).

8. Spills and Accidents

1. In the event of a large spill, call the Office of Environmental Health & Safety at 577-1200 or the Department of Public Safety at 577-2222.

2. Prevent spills through proper storage of chemicals, use of standard operating procedures, monitoring and inspection of storage areas, and training of laboratory personnel. For minor spills, contain the spill with sand or absorbent materials. Wash area thoroughly after clean-up and notify OEH&S for further clean-up and to dispose of waste materials.

3. For skin or eye contact, flush area with water immediately. For spills on clothing, remove clothing immediately, including shoes, to prevent soak through, and flush affected area with water.

9. Information and Training Program

1. Aim

To assure that all individuals working in a laboratory setting are adequately informed about hazards associated with lab work, and the proper precautions to take to protect their safety and health in the lab.

2. Emergency and personal protective equipment training

Every laboratory worker should know the steps to take in the event of an accident, injury, exposure or spill. Laboratory workers should know the location and proper use of personal protective equipment, including lab coats, gloves and eye protection.

3. Laboratory safety and Chemical Hygiene Plan training

Chemical Hygiene Plan/laboratory safety training is required for all lab employees before beginning work in the lab. Contact OEH&S at 577-1200 or 961-1803 for training information. Training records must be kept in the lab.

4. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)/reference material

Literature/reference material concerning chemical hazards, including Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs), should be readily available to laboratory personnel in the SOPs. MSDSs for all hazardous chemicals are available through OEH&S by calling 577-1200. Copies of MSDSs for highly hazardous materials being used should be kept in the lab with the Chemical Hygiene Plan and the SOPs. Reference material is also available through OEH&S.

10. Waste Disposal Program

1. Aim

To assure that minimal harm to people, other organisms, and the environment will result from the disposal of waste laboratory chemicals.

2. Chemical waste disposal procedures

Do not discharge into the sewers concentrated acids or bases, highly toxic, malodorous, or lachrymatory substances, or any other substances which might interfere with the biological activity of waste water treatment plants, create fire or explosion hazards, cause structural damage, or obstruct flow.

Collect all chemical waste in appropriately labeled receptacles. Chemical waste containers and waste tags are available from OEH&S. Contact OEH&S at 577-1200 or 961-1801 to have waste picked up from the lab.

3. Methods of disposal

OEH&S determines the proper disposal method for all hazardous wastes generated at the university. Chemicals should never be dumped down drains into the sewer system, or evaporated through the hood.

More information about chemical waste disposal

E. Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations (CAMEO)

1. Aim

To assure that firefighters, police officers, and emergency responders are adequately informed of risks at the site. Information on laboratories is collected by OEH&S through a questionnaire given to each lab.

2. Information

1. Facility information should include the following:

• Building location (room number)
• Principal Investigator's name and home address
• Emergency phone number
• List of chemicals in reportable quantities
• List of all gas cylinders

2. The facility plan should consist of the following:

• Diagram of the chemical storage area
• Indication of the location of gas cylinders

F. General Procedures (SOPs) for Working with Highly Hazardous Chemicals

1. Working with Allergens and Teratogens

1. Allergens: diazomethane, chromium, nickel, isocyanates, bichromates, formaldehyde, certain phenols, etc.

One should wear gloves to prevent hand contact with allergens or substances of unknown allergenic activity.Conduct aerosol producing procedures in a fume hood.

2. Teratogens and embryotoxins: organomercurials, lead compounds, formamide, etc. (for a complete list see Appendix V)

Women of childbearing age should only handle these substances in a hood which has a confirmed satisfactory performance, using appropriate protective apparel (especially gloves) to prevent skin contact. Because the period of greatest susceptibility to embryotoxins is the first 8 - 12 weeks of pregnancy, which includes a period when a woman may not know she is pregnant, women of child-bearing potential should avoid skin contact with all chemicals.

If you are pregnant, or plan on becoming pregnant, contact OEH&S before beginning work with any of these materials.

Store these substances, properly labeled, in an adequately ventilated area in an unbreakable secondary container.

Notify Principal Investigator and OEH&S of all incidents of exposure or spills. Consult the University Health Center in the event of an exposure.

2. Working with Chemicals of Moderate Chronic or High Acute Toxicity

Examples include diisopropylfluorophosphate, hydrofluoric acid, and hydrogen cyanide.

1. Records

Maintain an inventory of names and amounts of these materials on hand, amounts used, material safety data sheets, and names of workers involved.

2. Personal protective equipment

Always avoid skin contact by wearing gloves and lab coats. Always wash hands and arms immediately after working with these materials.

3. Storage

Use and store these substances only in areas of restricted access with special hazard warning signs. Store breakable containers in chemically resistant trays.

4. Engineering controls

Always use a chemical fume hood (currently evaluated to confirm adequate performance with a face velocity of at least 60 linear feet per minute) or other containment devices for procedures which may result in the generation of aerosols or vapors containing the substance. Trap released vapors, or prevent them from being discharged with the hood exhaust.

5. Prevention of spills and accidents

Assure that at least two people are present at all times if a compound in use is highly toxic or of unknown toxicity.

If a major spill occurs outside of the hood, evacuate the area and contact OEH&S at 577-1200 or DPS at 577-2222.

6. Waste

Arrange waste disposal through the OEH&S Hazardous Materials Section at 961-1801 or 577-1200. Waste containers can be supplied by OEH&S.

3. Working with Chemicals of High Chronic Toxicity

Examples include Dimethylmercury, nickel carbonyl, benzo-a-pyrene, N-nitrosodiethylamine, other human carcinogens or substances with high carcinogenic potency in animals. (See the Appendices for a complete list.)

1. Access

Conduct all transfer and work with these substances in a "controlled area", such as a restricted access hood, glove box, or a specific area in the lab, designated for use of highly toxic substances. All people with access should be aware of the substances being used and the necessary precautions to take to prevent exposure.

2. Approvals

Prepare a standard operating procedure (SOP) for the use and disposal of these materials, and obtain the approval of the Principal Investigator and laboratory supervisor.

3. Decontamination

Decontaminate the controlled area before normal work is resumed.

4. Medical surveillance

If using toxicologically significant quantities of such a substance on a regular basis (e.g., 3 or more times per week), consult OEH&S and the University Health Center concerning medical surveillance.

5. Records

Keep accurate records of the amounts of these chemicals stored and used, MSDSs for each chemical, dates of use, and names of the users.

6. Signs and labels

Assure that the controlled area and storage areas are conspicuously marked with warnings and restricted access signs, and that all containers of these chemicals are clearly labeled as to their hazard.

7. Chemical spills

Assure that contingency plans (SOPs), equipment, and materials to minimize exposures of people and property are available in the event of an accident.

8. Storage

These chemicals should be stored in well ventilated, labeled, limited access areas in appropriately labeled, unbreakable, secondary containers.

9. Gloves boxes

For a negative pressure glove box, ventilation rates must be at least 2 volume changes per hour and pressure at least 0.5 inches of water. For a positive pressure glove box, thoroughly check for leaks before each use. In either case, trap the exit gases or filter them through the approved mechanism.

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

PART 1910--OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS

SUBPART Z - TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

• Air contaminants
• Asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite
• Coal tar pitch volatiles
• 4-Nitrobiphenyl
• alpha-Naphthylamine
• Methyl chloromethly ether
• 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts)
• bis-Chloromethyl ether
• beta-Naphthylamine
• Benzidine
• 4-Aminobiphenyl
• Ethyleneimine
• beta-Propiolactone
• 2-Acetylaminofluorene
• 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
• N-Nitrosodimethylamine
• Vinyl chloride
• Inorganic arsenic
• Lead
• Benzene
• Coke oven emissions
• Cotton dust
• 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane
• Acrylonitrile
• Ethylene oxide
• Formaldehyde

If you are working with any of the above chemicals, please contact the Office of Environmental Health and Safety at 577-1200.

APPENDIX II

PEROXIDIZABLES

The following materials may form explosive peroxides. Ensure that the label has an expiration date. Do not store peroxidizables after they are expired. Please indicate if any of these are present in your lab:

SOLID

• sodium amide

LIQUIDS

• acetal
• cyclohexene
• decahydronaphthalene
• dicyclopentadiene
• diethyl ether
• diethylene glycol
• dimethyl ether (liquid or gas)
• dioxane
• divinyl acetylene
• ethyl ether
• ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (glyme)
• tetrahydronaphthalene
• isopropyl ether
• tetrahydrofuran
• vinyl ethers
• vinylidene chloride

GASES

• diacetylene
• dimethyl ether (gas or liquid)
• methyl acetylene

If you have any of the materials in Appendix II or IIII in defective containers, or if they have been stored past the expiration date, please contact the Office of Environmental Health and Safety for disposal at 577-1200.

APPENDIX III

SHOCK SENSITIVE MATERIALS

The following are examples of materials which can be shock sensitive:
Please indicate if any of these are present in your lab.

SOLIDS

• acetylides
• aluminum ophorite explosive
• amatol
• ammonal
• ammonium nitrate
• ammonium perchlorate
• ammonium picrate
• ammonium salt lattice
• butyl tetryl
• calcium nitrate
• copper acetylide
• cyanuric triazide
• cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine
• dinitroethyleneurea
• dinitrophenol
• dinitrophenyl hydrazine
• dinitrotoluene
• dipicrylamine
• dipicryl sulfone
• erythritol tetranitrate
• fulminate of mercury
• fulminate of silver
• fulminating gold
• fulminating mercury
• fulminating platinum
• gelatinized nitrocellulose
• guanyl nitrosamino guanyltetrazene
• guanyl nitrosamino guanylidene
• guanylidene
• hydrazine
• heavy metal azide
• hexanite
• hexanitrodiphenylamine
• hexanitrostilbene
• hexogen
• lead azide
• lead mannite
• lead mononitroresorcinate
• lead picrate
• lead salts
• lead styphnate
• magnesium ophorite
• mannitol hexanitrate
• mercury oxalate
• mercury tartrate
• nitrated carbohydrate
• nitrated glucoside
• nitrogen tri-iodide
• nitroguanidine
• nitronium perchlorate
• nitrourea
• organic nitramines
• picramic acid
• picramide
• picric acid
• picryl chloride
• picryl fluoride
• organic amine nitrates
• potassium nitroaminotetrazole
• robenzoic acid
• silver acetylide
• silver azide
• silver styphnate
• silver tetazene
• sodatol
• sodium amatol
• sodium nitrate-potassium explosive mixtures
• sodium picramate
• syphnic acid
• tetranitrocarbazole
• tetraze
• tetrytol
• trinitroanisole
• trinitrobenzene
• trinit
• trimonite
• trinitronaphthalene
• trinitrophenetol
• trinitrotoluene
• urea nitrate

LIQUIDS

• dinitroglycerine
• hydrazoic acid
• nitroglycerin
• nitroglycide
• nitroglycol
• nitroparaffins
• nitrotoluene
• sodium dinitro-ortho-cresolate

SOLID OR LIQUID

• dinitrophenolates
• hydrazine mixtures
• hyrazinium nitrate
• nitrogen trichloride
• organic peroxides (t-butyl peroxide)

APPENDIX IV

KNOWN CARCINOGENS - American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)

Please indicate if any of the following are present in your lab.

SOLIDS

• 4-aminobiphenyl
• asbestos-amosite, chrysotile,crocidolite
• arsenic and certain arsenic compounds
• benzidine
• chromite ore (processing as Cr)
• chromium (VI) compounds (certain water insoluble)
• coal tar pitch volatiles (as benzene solubles)
• B-naphthylamine
• nickel
• 4-nitrodiphenyl (solid or liquid)
• particulate polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons (coal tar pitch)
• vinyl chloride (solid or gas)

LIQUID

• bis (chloromethyl) ether

GAS

• vinyl chloride (gas or solid)

APPENDIX V

SUSPECTED CARCINOGENS (A2)

Please indicate if any of the following are present in your lab.

SOLIDS

• acrylamide
• antimony trioxide (production)
• arsenic trioxide (production)
• beryllium (& compounds)
• cadmium (& compounds)
• chrysene
• 3,3-dichlorobenzidine
• 4,4-methylene bis (2-chloroaniline)
• 4,4-methylene dianiline
• N-phenyl-beta-naphthylamine
• potassium bromate
• o-tolidine
• p-tolidine

LIQUIDS

• acrylonitrile
• benzene
• carbon tetrachloride
• chloroform
• chloromethyl methyl ether
• dimethyl carbamoyl chloride
• 1,1-dimethylhydrazine
• dimethyl sulfate
• ethylene dibromide
• ethylene oxide (at 12 deg. C)
• ethyl acrylate
• formaldehyde
• hexachlorobutadiene
• hexamethyl phosphoramide
• methylene chloride
• methyl hydrazine
• methyl iodide
• N-nitropropane
• N-nitrosodimethylamine
• phenylhydrazine
• B-propiolacetone
• propylene imine
• propylene oxide
• vinyl cyclohexene dioxide
• xylidine (mixed isomers)

GASES

• 1-3 butadiene
• ethylene oxide

APPENDIX VI

TERATOGENS

The following are examples of materials that can cause genetic mutations or abnormalities in a developing fetus. Please indicate if any of these are present in your lab.

SOLIDS

• arsenic
• barium
• bismuth
• cadmium
• caffeine
• cannabis
• carmine (sod. & lith.)
• cesium-137
• cobalt
• codiene
• congo red
• cycloheximide
• dinitrophenol
• dioxin
• diphenylamine
• ethionamide
• evans blue
• hexachlorophene
• iodoacetate
• lead
• lithium carmine
• lithium chloride
• LSD
• marijuana
• methyl arsenate
• methyl mercury
• methylurea (di-, tri-, tetra-)
• niagara blue
• nitrite (sodium)
• nitrosurea
• phenylalanine
• picric acid
• rhodium chloride
• selenium
• semicarbazide HCL
• strontium (SR-90)
• sodium cyanide
• sodium nitrite
• tellurium
• thallium
• thiosemicarbazide
• triethanomelamine
• trypan blue
• urethane

LIQUIDS

• benzene
• benzyl alcohol
• carbamate pesticides
• carbon tetrachloride
• chlorodan
• diethylnitrosamine
• dimethylacetamide
• formamide
• halothane
• hydrazine(s)
• mercury
• methyl hydrazine
• monomethylformamide
• nicotine
• organophosphate pesticides
• propylene glycol
• toluene
• xylene

GASES

• carbon monoxide
• hexafluoroacetone
• methane
• ozone
• tritium (H-3)

SOLID OR LIQUID

• alkylting agents
• azide
• boric acid
• chlorocholine chloride
• cortisone
• janus green B
• nitrosomethylaniline
• tetrachloroacetone

LIQUID OR GAS

• anesthetic agents
• bromide
• dimethyl sulfoxide
• ethylene oxide

SOLID, LIQUID OR GAS

• chromium compounds
• cyanide (sodium)

OTHERS

• metahexamide
• methyl arsenate
• sodium carmine
• sulphonamides

APPENDIX VII

INCOMPATIBLE CHEMICALS

Certain hazardous chemicals cannot be safely mixed or stored with each other because a severe reaction can take place or a toxic product can result. Chemicals should be stored by the hazard class and not alphabetically. The label and the MSDS of a chemical will contain information on imcompatibilities. The following are examples of incompatible chemicals:

• acetic acid: chromic acid, nitric acid, hydroxyl compounds, perchloric acid, peroxides, permanganates
• acetylene: chlorine, bromine, copper, fluorine, silver, mercury
• alkali metals: water, carbon tetrachloride or other chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, the halogens, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids
• ammonia: anhydrous mercury, chlorine, calcium hypochlorite, iodine, bromine, hydrofluoric acid
• ammonium nitrate: acids, metal powders, flammable liquids, chlorates, nitrites, sulfur, finely divided organic or combustible materials
• aniline: nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide
• bromine: same as chlorine
• carbon, activated: calcium hypochlorite, all oxidizing agents
• chlorates: ammonium salts, acids, metal powders, sulfur, finely divided organic or combustible materials
• chromic acid: acetic acid, naphthalene, camphor, glycerin, turpentine, alcohol, flammable liquids in general
• chlorine: ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, methane, propane (or other petroleum gases), hydrogen, sodium carbide, turpentine, benzene, finely divided metals
• chlorine dioxide: ammonia, methane, phosphine, hydrogen sulfide
• copper: acetylene, hydrogen peroxide
• cumene hydroperoxide: acids, organic or inorganic flammable liquids: ammonium nitrate, chromic acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, sodium peroxide, halogens
• hydrocarbons: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, chromic acid, sodium peroxide
• hydrocyanic acid: nitric acid, alkali
• hydrofluoric acid: ammonia, aqueous or anhydrous
• hydrogen peroxide: copper, chromium, iron, most metals or their salts, alcohols, acetone, organic materials, aniline, nitromethane, flammable liquids, oxidizing gases
• hydrogen sulfide: fuming nitric acid, oxidizing gases
• iodine: acetylene, ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous), hydrogen
• mercury: acetylene, fulminic acid, ammonia
• nitric acid: acetic acid, aniline, chromic acid, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, flammable liquids, flammable gases
• oxalic acid: silver, mercury
• perchloric acid: acetic anhydride, bismuth and its alloys, alcohol, paper, wood
• potassium: carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water (see alkali metals)
• potassium chlorate: sulfuric and other acids
• potassium permanganate: glycerin, ethylene glycol, benzaldehyde, sulfuric acid
• silver: acetylene, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, ammonium compounds sodium: carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water (see alkali metals)
• sodium peroxide: ethyl or methyl alcohol, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, benzaldehyde, carbon disulfide, glycerin, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, furfural
• sulfuric acid: potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium permanganate (or compounds with similar light metals, such as sodium, lithium, etc.)
• tellurides: reducing agents

Guide for Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, 2nd ed., Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, 1972, pp.215-217.

APPENDIX VIII

DEFINITIONS

ACUTE HAZARDS -- manifested after a single brief exposure and do not show permanent effects. These include:

1. Irritant: A chemical which causes reversible inflammation at the site of contact.
2. Cutaneous Hazard: A chemical that will affect the dermal layer of the body; causing defatting of the skin, rashes, or skin irritations.
3. Toxic Agent: A substance defined by one or more of the following:
1. It has an LD50* for oral doses in rats between 50 milligrams per kilogram body weight (mg/kg) and 500 mg/kg.
2. It has an LD50* for skin in a 24-hour exposure in rabbits of between 200 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg.
3. It has an LC50* for inhalation doses administered for a one-hour duration in rats between 200 parts per million (ppm) and 2000 ppm.

*The LD50 and LC50 refer to the lethal dose and lethal concentration, respectively, at which one half of the test animals died.

4. Highly Toxic Agents: A substance defined by one or more of the following:
1. It has an LD50 (oral, rat) of less that 50 mg/kg.
2. It has an LD50 (skin, rabbit)of less than 200 mg/kg.
3. It has an LC50 (inhalation, rat) of less than 200 ppm.
5. Corrosive materials: Chemical that cause visible destruction of, or irreversible alterations in, living tissue at the site of contact, by chemical action.
6. Eye Hazards: Materials that affect the eyes or visual capacity by causing conjunctivitis or corneal damage. Common types include organic solvents, acids, and alkalis.
7. Hematopoietic Agents: Chemicals that act on the blood or hematopoietic system. These substances decrease the hemoglobin function and deprive the body tissues of oxygen. Cyanosis and loss of consciousness are typical symptoms. Examples of these materials include carbon monoxide and cyanides.

CHRONIC HAZARDS -- These are chemicals which cause long term health effects. The effects may be slow to develop, and often are the result of repeat or continuous exposure over a long period of time. These include:

1. Sensitizer: A chemical that causes a number of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure.
2. Carcinogen: These include chemicals which are listed as a carcinogen in one of the following sources: National Toxicology Program (NTP), Report on Carcinogens, or OSHA's 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z.
3. Reproductive Toxin: A substance which can cause birth defects or sterility. Our knowledge about reproductive toxins is more recent than that of many other health hazards and not as extensive. It is also more difficult to obtain reliable information about such effects in humans. As a result of the uncertainties, some authorities recommend that pregnant women avoid contact with any chemicals whatsoever. Examples of reproductive toxins include PCBs and vinyl chloride.
4. Hepatotoxin: A chemical that can cause liver damage such as enlargement or jaundice. Examples include carbon tetrachloride, vinyl chloride, chloroform, and ethyl alcohol.
5. Nephrotoxin: A chemical that can cause kidney damage such as edema or proteinuria. Some examples are halogenated hydrocarbons and vinyl chloride.
6. Neurotoxin: A chemical that causes primary toxic effects on the central nervous system, such as narcosis, behavioral changes or decreased motor function. Common examples are mercury, ethyl alcohol, and tetraethyl lead.
7. Agents That Damage the Lungs: These agents irritate the pulmonary tissue, resulting in cough, tightness in the chest, and shortness of breath. Examples include silica, asbestos fibers, and toluene diisocyanate.

PHYSICAL HAZARDS OF CHEMICALS

1. Combustible Liquid: A liquid having a flash point between 100 and 200 degrees F. The flash point is the temperature above which a flame will propagate through the vapors from an ignition source to the nearby surface of the liquid. A combustible liquid presents a fire danger at slightly elevated temperatures, but not when it is at or below room temperature. Examples include No. 1 fuel oil, and mineral spirits.
2. Flammable Aerosols: An aerosol that yields either: (1) a flame projection of more than 18 inches at full valve opening, or (2) a flame extending back to the valve at any valve opening. All aerosols are mixtures. Whether a particular aerosol is flammable often depends on the particular propellant formation.
3. Flammable Gas: Defined in two different ways: (1) a gas with a lower flammability limit (LFL) less than 13% by volume in air; or (2) a gas with an upper flammability limit (UFL) more than 12% higher than its LFL, regardless of the value of the latter.
4. Flammable Liquid: A liquid with a flashpoint below 100 degrees F. This presents a real fire hazard if present in open containers near a source of ignition at or below normal room temperatures. Examples include acetone, turpentine, and gasoline.
5. Flammable Solid: A solid which ignites and burns with a self-sustained flame at a rate of at least 0.1 in./sec along its major axis. This does not include blasting agents or explosives. Examples include magnesium metal and nitrocellulose film.
6. Oxidizer: A chemical, other than a blasting agent or an explosive, that initiates or promotes combustion in other materials, causing fire through the release of oxygen or other gases. Examples include oxygen, nitric acid, and hydrogen peroxide.
7. Pyrophoric Materials: Substances that will ignite spontaneously in air at temperatures below 130 degrees F. An example is white phosphorus.
8. Compressed Gases: Defined in three ways: (1) a confined gas or mixtures of gases having an absolute pressure of at least 40 psi at 70 degrees F, or (2) a confined gas or mixture of gases having an absolute pressure of at least 104 psi at 130 degrees F; or (3) a liquid having a vapor pressure of at least 40 psi at 100 degrees F. Examples include nitrogen, oxygen, argon, propane, and carbon dioxide.
9. Explosives: Chemicals that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to shock, pressure or high temperatures. Examples include nitroglycerine and gun powder.
10. Organic Peroxides: A derivative of hydrogen peroxide in which one or both hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an organic radical or radicals. This definition also covers the class of compounds known to chemists as organic hydroperoxides. Examples include methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and benzoyl peroxide.
11. Unstable Materials: A chemical which in the pure state, or as produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense or become self reactive under conditions of shock, pressure, or high temperature. Examples include benzoyl peroxide and butadiene.
12. Water-Reactive Materials: A chemical that reacts with water to produce a gas that is either flammable or presents a health hazard. Some examples include acetic sodium metal and calcium carbide.

APPENDIX IX

GLOVE SELECTION CHART